Danesh
Hefazat va Maremat
Volume 2, Issue 2 (Special Issue 1.1 2019)
KCR 2019, 2(2): 54-62 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Talei R, Naeimi Taraei P. Technical Study of a High-Tin Bronze Vessel from the Bam World Heritage Site. KCR 2019; 2 (2) :54-62
URL: http://journal.richt.ir/kcr/article-1-355-en.html
URL: http://journal.richt.ir/kcr/article-1-355-en.html
Abstract: (456 Views)
With the advent of Islam, bronze temporarily replaced gold and silver in the production of metal vessels. Among the bronze artifacts used during this period, high-tin bronze (white bronze) objects, valued for their silver-like appearance, gained significant attention. One such artifact is a vessel discovered during debris removal operations following the 2003 Bam earthquake, located in the southern part of the Bam Citadel, specifically the southern section of the house known as Mir Akbar. Similar decorative patterns are found in artifacts from the Seljuk and Timurid periods. In this study, the artifact was examined using X-ray imaging, and microstructural analysis of a sample from the vessel’s base was conducted using reflected light optical microscopy after preparation. To further the technical investigation, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) equipped with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) was employed to analyze the alloy composition and metallic and non-metallic phases. The results indicate that the vessel was produced through casting, with directional mechanical work causing elongation of non-metallic sulfide phases within the metal matrix. The microstructure of the vessel consists of single copper-rich grains dispersed in a needle-like beta phase rich in tin, characteristic of high-tin bronze (white bronze). After cooling, the alloy underwent heat treatment at approximately 650°C followed by rapid quenching, leading to the formation of the needle-like phase and resulting in the vessel’s hardness and brittleness.
Type of Study: Research, Original, Regular |
Subject:
Application of modern sciences, technologies, equipment, materials and methods
Received: 2025/12/3 | Accepted: 2019/09/22 | Published: 2019/09/22
Received: 2025/12/3 | Accepted: 2019/09/22 | Published: 2019/09/22
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |