Danesh
Hefazat va Maremat
Volume 8, Issue 4 (3-2026)
KCR 2026, 8(4): 69-78 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Razani M, Fadaei H. A Strategic Framework for Developing National Heritage Conservation Documents for Iranian Archaeological Excavations: A Guide for Stakeholders and Policymakers. KCR 2026; 8 (4) :69-78
URL: http://journal.richt.ir/kcr/article-1-389-en.html
URL: http://journal.richt.ir/kcr/article-1-389-en.html
Abstract: (1403 Views)
Archaeological sites, as sensitive areas embodying diverse cultural, historical, and scientific values require coherent policies and mechanisms for their protection. Although in recent decades the importance of conserving such sites has been highlighted in both cultural discourse and professional practice, the absence of specific, coordinated strategic documents has led to various challenges during and after excavations. This article, grounded in field experiences and interdisciplinary collaboration among specialists and practitioners, underscores the necessity of formulating a National Conservation Document for Archaeological Excavations. The primary goal of this document is to institutionalize conservation as an integral component of the archaeological excavation process an approach that begins before excavation and continues through post-excavation long-term monitoring. This paper presents a structured proposal aimed at establishing a comprehensive framework for defining responsibilities, scheduling conservation actions, and promoting inter-sectoral coordination in conservation and restoration activities during excavations. The principles, objectives, and practical recommendations of the proposed document are presented in the form of eight main articles, each accompanied by relevant clauses and provisions.
Type of Study: Research, Original, Regular |
Subject:
Archaeometry and authenticity assessment of museum objects and historical-cultural properties.
Accepted: 2026/03/3 | Published: 2026/03/3
Accepted: 2026/03/3 | Published: 2026/03/3
References
1. Beck, L.S. (2013). Digital documentation in the conservation of cultural heritage: finding the practical in best practice. pp 85-90.
2. Caple, C. (2020). Introduction: The challenges of archaeological conservation. In Studies in archaeological conservation (pp. 3–28). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429342257-2
3. Council of Ministers of the Islamic Republic of Iran. (2002). Regulation on Cultural, Artistic and Historical Properties of Public and Governmental Institutions. Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of Iran, No. 16838.
4. Demas, M. (2013). Planning for conservation and management of archaeological sites: A values-based approach (2000). In S. Sullivan & M. Mackay (Eds.), Archaeological sites: Conservation and management (pp. 653–675). Getty Conservation Institute. https://www.getty.edu/publications/resources/virtuallibrary/9781606061244.pdf
5. Egitto, Antoinette. (2013). "Remote Sensing Assessment of Karez Irrigation Systems and Archaeological Resources in Maywand District, Kandahar Province". Ph.D. Thesis, University of Kansas, USA.
6. Fadaei, H. (2024). Study of documentation laws, methods, and tools in international instruments related to the conservation and management of cultural heritage. Knowledge of Conservation and Restoration (KCR), 7(2), 1–28. http://journal.richt.ir/kcr/article-1-154-fa.html.
7. Fadaei, H., & Mirzaye, A. (2017). Conservation during the first season of archaeological excavations at the Chogha Zanbil World Heritage Site, winter 1999. Knowledge of Conservation and Restoration (KCR), 1(2), 60–74. http://journal.richt.ir/kcr/article-1-265-fa.html.
8. Fadaei, H., & Mirzaye, A. (2020). The clay relief of the Konar Sandal site in Jiroft: A study on preservation and on-site conservation. Knowledge of Conservation and Restoration (KCR), 3(3), 1–16. http://journal.richt.ir/kcr/article-1-196-fa.html.
9. ICCROM. (2013). Guidelines on preventive conservation. ICCROM. https://www.iccrom.org/publication/guidelines-preventive-conservation. (Accessed 10 Dec 2025).
10. ICOMOS, (1964). The Venice Charter, International Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites. (Available at: https://www.icomos.org/images/DOCUMENTS/Charters/venice_e.pdf). (Accessed 10 Dec 2025).
11. ICOMOS. (1931). The Athens Charter for the Restoration of Historic Monuments. (Available at: https://www.icomos.org/en/about-the-centre/179-articles-en-francais/ressources/charters-and-standards?start=15). (Accessed 10 Dec 2025).
12. ICOMOS. (1990). Charter for the Protection and Management of the Archaeological Heritage. Lausanne Charter. (Available at: https://www.icomos.org/en/practical-information/179-articles-en-francais/ressources/charters-and-standards/160-charter-for-the-protection-and-management-of-the-archaeological-heritage). (Accessed 10 Dec 2025).
13. ICOMOS. (1993). Guidelines for Education and Training in the Conservation of Monuments, Ensembles and Sites. International Council on Monuments and Sites. (Available at: https://www.icomos.org/en/what-we-do/image-what-we-do/179-articles-en-francais/ressources/charters-and-standards/187-guidelines-for-education-and-training-in-the-conservation-of-monuments-ensembles-and-sites). (Accessed 4 Oct 2025).
14. ICOMOS. (1996). Charter on the Protection and Management of Underwater Cultural Heritage. Adopted at the 11th General Assembly, Sofia, Bulgaria, October 1996. (Available at: https://www.icomos.org/en/faq-doccen/179-articles-en-francais/ressources/charters-and-standards/161-charter-on-the-protection-and-management-of-underwater-cultural-heritage). (Accessed 4 Oct 2025).
15. Islamic Consultative Assembly of the Islamic Republic of Iran. (1988). Statute Law of the Cultural Heritage Organization of the Country. Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
16. Keall, E. J., Leveque, M. A., & Willson, N. (1980). Qal’Eh-i Yazdigird: Its Architectural Decorations. Iran, 18(1), 1–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/05786967.1980.11834256.
Majidi, F. (2009). Management and planning for conservation and restoration in archaeological excavations. Knowledge of Restoration and Cultural Heritage, 6(4), 13–31. .https://www.noormags.ir/view/fa/articlepage/2189637.
17. Malinverni, E., Conati Barbaro, C., Pierdicca, R., Bozzi, C., & Tassetti, A. (2016), Uav Surveying for a Complete Mapping and Documentation of Archaeological Findings, the Early Neolithic Site of Portonovo, The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, pp. 1149-1155.
18. Muñoz Viñas, S. (2005). Contemporary theory of conservation. Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann.
Razani, M. and Alimirzaei, F. (2025). Scientific and Ethical Considerations in Sampling Artefacts in Archaeological Sciences. Iranian Journal of Archaeological Studies, 15(2), 99-118. doi: 10.22111/ijas.2025.51593.1344.
19. Razani, M., & Dadashzadeh, N. (2020). Assessment of lime-based mortars for the conservation of architectural remains from archaeological excavations. Journal of Archaeological Studies, 12(3), 67–92. https://sid.ir/paper/393883/en.
20. Stanley-Price, N. (1984). Excavation and conservation. In N. Stanley-Price (Ed.), Conservation on archaeological excavations (pp. 1–10). ICCROM.
21. Stubbs, J. H. (1984). Protection and presentation of excavated structures. In N. Stanley-Price (Ed.), Conservation on archaeological excavations (pp. 73–90). ICCROM.
22. Thompson, J. (2006). Conservation and management challenges in a public/private partnership for a large archaeological site (Herculaneum, Italy). Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites, 8(4), 191–204. https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10049158/.
23. UNESCO. (1956). Recommendation on International Principles Applicable to Archaeological Excavations. https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/recommendation-international-principles-applicable-archaeological-excavations.
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |